Refuting Islam

☠️ Historic Case Studies: How Sharia Law Executes Critics, Reformers, and Apostates by School and Region

These weren’t extremists. They were enforcers of Islamic law — and these were the results.

📘 Introduction

Islamic apologists often say,

“No one really enforces those old laws today.”
“The death penalty for apostasy or blasphemy is symbolic.”
“Reform is welcomed in many Muslim societies.”

But history tells another story.

Here are real-world executions, exiles, assassinations, and imprisonments, not by radicals, but by Islamic governments, clerics, and court rulings — all traceable to specific Islamic legal schools and justified by Sharia rulings.

⚖ Categorized by Crime Type

🩸 1. Apostasy – Leaving Islam

🕌 Ja’fari School (Shia)

📍 Iran

🔹 Mohsen Amir-Aslani (2014)

Accused of “spreading corruption on Earth” for teaching unorthodox interpretations of Quran
Hanged by Iranian authorities
Based on Ja’fari rulings: apostasy + “deviation from accepted beliefs” = capital offense

🔹 Hashem Aghajari (2002)

Professor and war hero
Said Muslims should not “blindly follow” the clergy
Sentenced to death for apostasy
Sentence commuted only after mass protests — never exonerated

🕌 Hanafi School (South Asia)

📍 Afghanistan / Pakistan

🔹 Abdul Rahman (2006, Afghanistan)

Converted to Christianity
Charged with apostasy under Hanafi law
Faced death penalty — case dropped under Western pressure; fled to Italy
Judge said: “Afghan law follows Islam. Any citizen who rejects Islam must be executed.”

🔹 Asia Bibi (2009–2018, Pakistan)

Christian woman accused of “insulting the Prophet”
Sentenced to death under Pakistan Penal Code 295-C, derived from Hanafi fiqh
Released after 9 years on death row, but exiled under threat of mob violence

🔥 2. Blasphemy – Insulting Muhammad or Islam

🕌 Maliki School (North & West Africa)

📍 Mauritania, Nigeria

🔹 Cheikh Ould Mohamed Ould Mkheitir (2014)

Mauritanian blogger
Wrote article criticizing the Prophet’s treatment of women and slaves
Sentenced to death for blasphemy under Maliki fiqh
Sentence reduced after international outcry — forced into exile

🔹 Yahaya Sharif-Aminu (2020, Nigeria)

Sufi Muslim singer
Posted WhatsApp song praising an imam above the Prophet
Sentenced to death under Maliki-based Sharia law in Kano State
Still imprisoned as of last update

🕌 Hanbali School (Saudi Arabia)

📍 Saudi Arabia

🔹 Ashraf Fayadh (2015)

Palestinian poet
Accused of atheism and blasphemy in his poetry
Sentenced to death, later reduced to 8 years + 800 lashes
Ruled under Hanbali jurisprudence — direct enforcement of Quran 5:33 and 9:74

🔹 Raif Badawi (2012)

Blogger who criticized the Saudi religious establishment
Charged with “insulting Islam”
Sentenced to 10 years and 1,000 lashes
Hanbali scholars publicly backed the punishment

⚔ 3. Reformers – Those Who Challenged the Law or Prophet

🕌 Shafi’i School (Egypt, Indonesia, East Africa)

📍 Egypt

🔹 Nasr Abu Zayd (1995)

Liberal Quran scholar at Cairo University
Ruled an apostate by Shafi’i scholars at Al-Azhar
Marriage forcibly annulled by court ruling — based on Shafi’i concept that a Muslim woman can’t be married to a non-Muslim
Fled to the Netherlands under threat of death

🔹 Farag Foda (1992)

Egyptian writer and secularist
Criticized Islamic fundamentalism and blasphemy laws
Assassinated by Jama’a al-Islamiyya
Al-Azhar scholars declared him a “murtadd” (apostate), making his murder “justified”

🕌 Ja’fari (Iran)

🔹 Ahmad Kasravi (1946)

Iranian lawyer, historian, critic of clericalism
Published critiques of Quranic contradictions and Shia rituals
Stabbed to death in a Tehran courtroom by fanatics from the Fedayeen-e-Islam, who were backed by clerics

🔹 Ali Dashti (1981)

Former Iranian senator
Wrote 23 Years, a critical biography of Muhammad
Placed under house arrest by the Islamic Republic
Died in custody — books banned, erased from public record

🕌 Hanafi/Deobandi (South Asia)

🔹 Salman Taseer (2011, Pakistan)

Governor of Punjab
Spoke out against the blasphemy law and defended Asia Bibi
Assassinated by his own bodyguard, Mumtaz Qadri
Qadri praised by Hanafi clerics in Pakistan — treated as a martyr

🔹 Mashal Khan (2017)

Pakistani university student
Accused of “posting blasphemy” online (false)
Lynched by fellow students
No formal Sharia court — but mob justified actions using Hanafi-derived blasphemy logic

🔁 Patterns Across Time and Geography

Legal School	Method of Enforcement	Typical Outcome
Hanafi	State-backed laws (e.g., Pakistan Penal Code) + mob violence	Executions, lynchings, exile
Maliki	State Sharia courts (Nigeria, Mauritania)	Death sentences, long prison terms
Shafi’i	Legal court rulings + university fatwas (Al-Azhar)	Apostasy rulings, loss of civil rights
Hanbali	Direct state enforcement (Saudi)	Lashes, long prison, execution
Ja’fari	Theocratic court + clerical militias (Iran)	Hangings, house arrest, excommunication

📌 While enforcement mechanisms differ — the doctrine is the same:
Blasphemy = death.
Apostasy = death.
Reform = heresy = death.

🧠 Key Takeaways

These are not isolated events. They are predictable legal outcomes from schools of Islamic law.
These killings are not done in spite of Islam — they are done because of it, based on rulings from:
- Reliance of the Traveller (Shafi’i)
- Umdat al-Salik (Shafi’i)
- Fatawa-e-Alamgiri (Hanafi)
- Hanbali fatwas used by Wahhabi regimes
- Ja’fari rulings upheld by Iran’s Guardian Council

✅ Final Word

Islamic jurisprudence doesn’t just threaten critics and apostates — it kills them.

From Iran to Nigeria, Pakistan to Egypt, and even in “moderate” countries —
the blood of reformers, thinkers, poets, and everyday citizens is on the hands of the legal schools themselves.

These weren’t “extremists.”
They were clerically sanctioned enforcers of Islamic law.

Sharia isn’t misunderstood.
It’s implemented exactly as it was written.